The Chunk: It is the smallest unified group of thoughts in a paragraph that combine CDs and CMs. The combination depends on the RATIO for each mode. A paragraph may have multiple “chunks.”

The Ratio of concrete detail (CD) to commentary (CM).

Typically, for Response to Literature, Fine Art interpretation, and/or Style Analysis, the ratio is (1:2+): one sentence of concrete detail plus two or more sentences of commentary equals one “chunk.” Typically, for Narrative, Persuasive, Argumentation, and/or Expository, the ratio is (2+:1): two or more sentences of concrete details plus one commentary sentence equals one “chunk.” For summary, typically (3+:0).

Remember -- The Jane Schaffer Academic Writing Program has been a popular writing program because it helps students to understand the framework for writing academic paragraphs and essays. Much like a recipe for chefs or scales for aspiring musicians, the foundation is laid and then we train students to add their own spices or create their own rhythm. This program works for on-level students, pre-ap students, advanced placement students, special ed students, English language learners. Why? Because it is a guide. And young writers need a guide before they can become masters.